► Before reading:
1- What do you think the future will be like in 30 years?
2- Do you think life will be better or worse? Why?
3- What technological advancements do you expect?
► While reading:
THE FUTURE’S…
dystopia /dɪsˈtəʊpiə/
an imaginary place where life is extremely difficult
… BRIGHT
In many ways, human life on this planet is better than it’s ever been. In many countries across the world, crime has been dropping steadily. This may be due to better education, or perhaps to a reduction in extreme poverty. In 2018, the proportion of the world’s population living in extreme poverty fell to around 10%. With luck, no one 1 will be living in this way within a few decades. Technology is also making our lives easier and safer, and this trend is bound to continue. For example, driving is sure to become safer. Human error is the key reason for most car accidents, and well-programmed driverless cars may save huge numbers of lives. Such cars are already a reality and are going to become more common in the next few years. And finally, life expectancy is already higher than it’s ever been and as a result of better medicine, people are likely to live until the age of 100.
… TERRIFYING!
We may have seen some improvement in poverty and crime in recent decades, but why assume that this pattern will continue? I’d argue that for most people life is actually unlikely to get better. Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence will not only reduce the number of unskilled jobs available but will also eliminate semi-skilled jobs which can be done by a computer. By 2050, young people 2 will have been trying, and failing, to get a job for most of their ‘working’ lives! In 30 years’ time, a few lucky people will be rich and the rest of us will be poor. Within 20 years, we 3 will have stopped fighting over oil – 4 we’ll be fighting over water instead, as global warming is certain to lead to more water shortages.
► After reading:
Read the text carefully then answer the following answer
For the "Bright" Section:
1- Why does the author think crime is going down in many countries?
The author suggests that better education and less extreme poverty are helping to reduce crime.
2- How is technology expected to make driving safer in the future?
The author says that driverless cars, which don’t make human mistakes, will make driving safer.
3- What is happening to life expectancy because of better medicine?
People are expected to live longer, possibly up to 100 years, because of improvements in medicine.
4- How might technology help improve life in the future?
Technology could make things like driving safer and help solve problems like poverty.
For the "Terrifying" Section:
1- What does the author worry will happen to jobs in the future?
The author worries that robots and computers will take over many jobs, making it hard for people to find work.
2- Why does the author think people might fight over water in the future?
The author believes global warming will cause water shortages, leading to conflicts over water.
3- What does the author think will happen to the rich and poor in the future?
The author predicts that a few people will become rich, while most people will be poor.
4- Why does the author think it will be hard for young people to get jobs by 2050?
The author thinks robots and computers will replace many jobs, making it difficult for young people to find work.
Cause and effect relationships describe how one event (the cause) leads to another event (the effect).
تصف علاقات السبب والنتيجة كيف يؤدي حدث واحد (السبب) إلى حدث آخر (التأثير)
- Cause → The reason something happens. It answers "Why did this happen?"
- Effect → The result of the cause. It answers "What happened as a result?"
These expressions in the context of cause and effect:
1."A big cause of": This phrase is used to introduce a significant reason behind an effect. It emphasizes the major factor responsible for something happening.
2. "As a consequence of": This phrase introduces the result or effect of an action or event. It is often used to highlight what happens due to something.
3. "Cause" (verb): To make something happen or bring about an effect.
4. "Give rise to": A formal way to say something causes something else or leads to an effect.
5. "Result from": This expression highlights that something happens as the effect of a specific cause.
6. "Result in": This phrase shows that something causes a particular effect or outcome.
The future simple: is used to talk about actions or events that will happen at a later time.
يستخدم للحديث عن الأفعال أو الأحداث التي ستحدث في وقت لاحقالمستقبل البسيط:
Ex:
• I will play football tomorrow.
• They will take the bus to Aqaba next week.
► Uses of future simple
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1- for things that we decided to do now (quick decisions) لأشياء قررنا القيام بها الآن (قرارات سريعة) Ex: I will buy one for you too. |
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2- when we think or believe something about the future (prediction) عندما نفكر أو نصدق شيئًا عن المستقبل (التنبؤ) Ex: I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you. |
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3- To make an offer, a promise لتقديم عرض، وعد Ex: I promise I will behave next time. |
9- future simple (going to): is used to talk about intentions, plans, or predictions about the future.
يستخدم للحديث عن النوايا، الخطط، أو التوقعات حول المستقبل
Ex:
• I am going to finish my email tonight.
• They’re going to bake a cake for her birthday.
► Uses of going to:
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1- when we have already decided to do something in the future. (plan) عندما نقرر أن نفعل شيئا في المستقبل. (خطة) Ex: they are going to buy a red car next week Ex: she is going to be a teacher when I’m older. |
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2- something is going to happen (evidence) شيء ما سيحدث (دليل) Ex: I think it is going to rain – I just felt a drop. |
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3- when something is about to happen عندما يوشك شيء على الحدوث Ex: Get back! The bomb is going to explode. |
future continuous: refer to temporary actions and events that will be in progress at a particular time in the future. (is used to talk about a continuous action in the future)
يستخدم للحديث عن حدث مستمر في فترة معينة في المستقبل.
EX: At 7am, he will be working out in the bank.
- At 11pm, the kinds will be sleeping.
- tomorrow at 10 A.M I will be eating my breakfast.
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► uses of future continuous is usually used for a planned action in the future. Example: (the family have booked their tickets) - They will be enjoying their summer holiday on the beach |
Future perfect: is used to describe actions or events that will be completed or finished before some other point in the future.
للحديث عن افعال ستكون مكتملة بحلول وقت اخر محدد في المستقبل
EX: - By the time I finish work tonight, my family will have eaten dinner.
- when I graduate from the university, I will have been a student for 16 years.
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► uses of future perfect: - Actions Completed Before a Specific Time in the Future: to express actions that will be finished before a certain point or before action in the future. الإجراءات المكتملة قبل وقت محدد في المستقبل: للتعبير عن الإجراءات التي سيتم الانتهاء منها قبل نقطة معينة أو قبل اتخاذ إجراء في المستقبل. Example: By the time you come back, I will have cleaned the house. |
Future perfect continuous: is used to describe actions that will continue up until a specific point in the future.
لوصف الأفعال التي ستستمر حتى نقطة معينة في المستقبل.
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EX: - By next month, I will have been working at this company for five years.
- In 2025, they will have been living in this house for ten years.
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► uses of future perfect continuous: 1- Duration of an action: It focuses on how long an action will have been happening up until a point in the future. 2- Expectation of completion: The action is expected to still be happening, but the focus is on the amount of time. Example: By December, she will have been training for the marathon for six months. |