LESSON 5A VOCABULARY |Feelings and emotions
The difference between -ing and -ed forms lies primarily in their grammatical function and meaning.
-ing Form:
The -ing form is used in different ways:
► As a part of a verb (present participle):
Used in continuous tenses to show an action in progress.
- I am studying for my exam.
- She was singing beautifully.
► As a noun (gerund):
- Used as a subject or object in a sentence.
- Swimming is my favorite activity.
- I enjoy reading books.
► As an adjective:
- The movie was exciting.
- The book is interesting.
-ed Form:
The -ed form is used in these ways:
► As a part of a verb (past participle):
Used to form perfect tenses and passive voice.
o She has finished her homework.
o The cake was baked yesterday.
► As an adjective:
Describes how someone feels.
o I am bored with this game.
o He was surprised by the results.
Key Difference Between -ing and -ed as Adjectives:
|
♦ Pronunciation of description words:
Word |
Meaning |
Pronunciation |
Beard |
The hair growing on the lower part of a man's face. |
/bɪrd/ |
Eyebrow |
The strip of hair growing above the eye. |
/ˈaɪ.braʊ/ |
Fair |
Light in color (hair or complexion) OR just and impartial. |
/fɛr/ |
Nice |
Pleasant, kind, or enjoyable. |
/naɪs/ |
Pale |
Having a light or whitish color, often due to illness or lack of sun exposure. |
/peɪl/ |
Pale |
Having a light or whitish color, often due to illness or lack of sun exposure. |
/peɪl/ |
Shoulder |
The part of the body where the arm joins the torso. |
/ˈʃoʊl.dɚ/ |
Smile |
A facial expression in which the corners of the mouth turn up, showing happiness or friendliness. |
/smaɪl/ |
Square |
A shape with four equal sides and angles OR a description of something angular in shape. |
/skwɛr/ |
Straight |
Not curved or bent; extending in one direction only. |
/streɪt/ |
Toe |
One of the digits of the foot. |
/toʊ/ |
♦ Feelings and emotions adjectives:
Word |
Meaning |
Amazed |
Feeling great wonder or surprise. |
Bored |
Feeling uninterested or tired due to lack of excitement or stimulation. |
Delighted |
Feeling very pleased or happy. |
Depressed |
Feeling extremely sad or hopeless. |
Disappointed |
Feeling unhappy because something didn’t meet expectations. |
Exhausted |
Feeling extremely tired or drained of energy. |
Frightened |
Feeling scared or afraid. |
Interested |
Feeling curious or wanting to know more about something. |
Pleased |
Feeling satisfied or happy about something. |
Relaxed |
Feeling free from tension or stress. |
Stressed |
Feeling worried or under pressure. |
Surprised |
Feeling startled or amazed by something unexpected. |
Worried |
Feeling anxious or concerned about something uncertain or troubling. |