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LESSON 5A VOCABULARY |Feelings and emotions

The difference between -ing and -ed forms lies primarily in their grammatical function and meaning.

-ing Form:

The -ing form is used in different ways:

As a part of a verb (present participle):

Used in continuous tenses to show an action in progress.

  • I am studying for my exam.
  • She was singing beautifully.

As a noun (gerund):

 

  • Used as a subject or object in a sentence.
  • Swimming is my favorite activity.
  • I enjoy reading books.

As an adjective:

  • The movie was exciting.
  • The book is interesting.

-ed Form:

The -ed form is used in these ways:

As a part of a verb (past participle):

Used to form perfect tenses and passive voice.

o She has finished her homework.
o The cake was baked yesterday.

 

► As an adjective:

Describes how someone feels.

o I am bored with this game.
o He was surprised by the results.

 

Key Difference Between -ing and -ed as Adjectives:

  • -ing describes the cause or source of the feeling (what something is like).
    • The lecture was boring. (The lecture causes boredom.)
    • This is an exciting match! (The match causes excitement.)

 

  • -ed describes the person or thing experiencing the feeling.
    • I am bored with the lecture. (I feel bored.)
    • He is excited about the match. (He feels excitement.)

♦ Pronunciation of description words:

Word

Meaning

Pronunciation

Beard

The hair growing on the lower part of a man's face.

/bɪrd/

Eyebrow

The strip of hair growing above the eye.

/ˈaɪ.braʊ/

Fair

Light in color (hair or complexion) OR just and impartial.

/fɛr/

Nice

Pleasant, kind, or enjoyable.

/naɪs/

Pale

Having a light or whitish color, often due to illness or lack of sun exposure.

/peɪl/

Pale

Having a light or whitish color, often due to illness or lack of sun exposure.

/peɪl/

Shoulder

The part of the body where the arm joins the torso.

/ˈʃoʊl.dɚ/

Smile

A facial expression in which the corners of the mouth turn up, showing happiness or friendliness.

/smaɪl/

Square

A shape with four equal sides and angles OR a description of something angular in shape.

/skwɛr/

Straight

Not curved or bent; extending in one direction only.

/streɪt/

Toe

One of the digits of the foot.

/toʊ/

♦ Feelings and emotions adjectives:

Word

Meaning

Amazed

Feeling great wonder or surprise.

Bored

Feeling uninterested or tired due to lack of excitement or stimulation.

Delighted

Feeling very pleased or happy.

Depressed

Feeling extremely sad or hopeless.

Disappointed

Feeling unhappy because something didn’t meet expectations.

Exhausted

Feeling extremely tired or drained of energy.

Frightened

Feeling scared or afraid.

Interested

Feeling curious or wanting to know more about something.

Pleased

Feeling satisfied or happy about something.

Relaxed

Feeling free from tension or stress.

Stressed

Feeling worried or under pressure.

Surprised

Feeling startled or amazed by something unexpected.

Worried

Feeling anxious or concerned about something uncertain or troubling.