Module 1
Lesson 2
Student’s Book page 5
GRAMMAR
'Will' and 'be going to'
Will + infinitive |
Be going to + infinitive |
A decision at the moment of speaking: |
A decision before the moment of speaking: |
A prediction based on opinion: |
A prediction based on something we can see (or hear) now: |
A future fact: |
|
For promises / requests / refusals / offers: |
More examples:
- (The phone rings)
Julie: I'll get it!
('I'm going to get it' is very strange, because it makes us think that Julie knew the phone was going to ring before it did).
- I'm going to go on holiday next week.
('I'll go on holiday next week' makes it sound like you've only just decided at that minute. Of course, this is possible, but normally we plan our holidays more in advance!).
The Present Perfect Simple Tense
How to form the present perfect
To make the positive present perfect tense, use:
- 'have' / 'has' + the past participle
- Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play' becomes 'played')
- There are a few verbs that change their spelling when you add 'ed' (for example, 'study' becomes 'studied')
- We also have some completely irregular verbs
Positive |
Positive Short Form |
I have played |
I've played |
you have worked |
you've worked |
he has written |
he's written |
she has walked |
she's walked |
it has rained |
it's rained |
we have travelled |
we've travelled |
they have studied |
they've studied |
The negative is really simple too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':
Negative |
Negative Short Form |
I have not eaten breakfast today |
I haven't eaten |
you have not been to Asia |
you haven't been |
he has not seen the new film |
he hasn't seen |
she has not played tennis |
she hasn't played |
it has not snowed this winter |
it hasn't snowed |
we have not slept all night |
we haven't slept |
they have not tried the food |
they haven't tried |