امتحان انجليزي متقدم وحدة ثالثة -خالد الدعجة2008
It was only when she returned that making cakes for a living became a business concept. Initially, she worked from home as she and her husband didn’t have the capital for a bricks-and-mortar shop, relying instead on e-commerce for her start-up. However, through social media and word-of-mouth, her reputation grew and within a year she opened her first physical store with her new trade name: A piece and love.
1. The phrase that means “an idea for a business” in the text above is:
- bricks-and-morta
- start-up
- word-of-mouth
- business concept
2. I wasn’t planning on getting a new shirt today, it was a bit of an impulse------------------
- investment
- gimmick
- mouth
- buy
3. My cousin has always been a -------------------------- businesswoman and runs several companies now.
- shrewd
- gullible
- naive
- trusting
4. He tried to coerce his brother into doing it.
- The sentence that has the same meaning as the one above is:
- He tried to incite his brother to do it.
- He tried to coax his brother to do it.
- He tried to cajole his brother to do it.
- He tried to entice his brother to do it
5. After I complained about the quality of the shirt, the company will be------------------- all
of the full price back to me.
- budgeting
- owing
- refunding
- valuing
6. A fallacy is an idea that is often believed to be true.
- The reason for using the passive in the sentence above is:
- The agent is unknown, irrelevant or so obvious we don’t need to express it.
- We want to sound more objective or talk about general opinions.
- It is better not to start a sentence with a long complex subject.
- We want to avoid personal responsibility or blame.
7. The job ----------------------------------------- to Sameer.
- will probably be give
- will probably given
- will probably be given
- will probably give
8. People believe that animals never fall into the trap of the sunk-cost fallacy, only humans.
- The sentence that has the same meaning as the one above is:
- It has been believed that animals never fall into the trap of the sunk-cost fallacy, only humans.
- It is believed that animals never fall into the trap of the sunk-cost fallacy, only humans.
- C)It was believed that animals never fall into the trap of the sunk-cost fallacy, only humans.
- It is being believed that animals never fall into the trap of the sunk-cost fallacy, only humans
9. The confusion ------------------------------- when you stop looking for a specific item and
start shopping in general.
- is occurred
- occurs
- was occurred
- is being occurred
10- The accountants will give their reports to the board next week.
- The sentence that has the same meaning as the one above is:
- The board will be given the accountants’ reports next week
- The reports by the accountants will be given to the board next week.
- The reports by the accountants will be given the board next week.
- A + B
In recent years, there has been a move away from stocking up on essentials at mega supermarkets towards buying more frequently from local retailers. In my opinion, there are several excellent reasons for this trend, but also a number of pitfalls to buying local.
11- The underlined clause above is a paraphrase of:
- There is a growing movement away from buying local.
- There is a growing movement towards buying local.
- Buying local isn’t growing anymore.
- The movement towards buying local is slowing down.
12- The correct synonym for the word “rationale” from the text above is:
- reason
- stock up
- pitfall
- move away
13- It’s a huge department store, so it should definitely ---------------------------- the products
you’re looking for.
- shop around
- carry
- buy
- stock up
14- The purpose of using paraphrasing is:
- to copy the original text
- to make the text longer.
- to confuse the reader with difficult words.
- to avoid repetition.
15- Paraphrasing helps the reader to:
- memorise the original sentences exactly as it appears in the text.
- read faster by skipping the important details in the text.
- focus only on words and phrases without noticing the main point.
- follow the way in which your ideas are linked through the text.
Most people think that economics is all about money, but in fact, it’s far broader than that. Economics is really all about making choices and decisions. These might indeed be related to money. For example, 1 is it more economical to go to a cheaper supermarket if a taxi there and back needs to be included in the cost?
16- According to the text, economics is mainly about:
- supermarkets.
- making choices and decisions.
- studying history.
- writing about business.
Possibly, the first thing we can take from economics is the importance of doing a cost-benefit analysis when making big decisions. Comfortable though we may be with making a list of pros and cons, we should recognise that it is actually a rather ineffective tool. Just one of the cons might easily outweigh all of the pros. A cost-benefit analysis is something altogether more sophisticated, which allows you to be more objective. For example, let’s say that you have to decide whether to make a journey by train or aeroplane. The financial cost of each journey is obvious, but there are also other costs to take into account, such as the cost in your time, the cost in terms of how tired you’ll be on arrival, the environmental cost and so on. Give each of these a score out of five, and then weigh them up against the potential benefits, scored in the same way, and the choice becomes much easier.
17- Why does the author consider that a pros and cons list isn’t very effective?
- It doesn’t take the relative importance into account.
- It gives a false illusion of control over the outcome.
- We only use it because we’re used to doing it.
- A problem isn’t always just about two alternatives.
The sunk-cost fallacy often leads us to do things which are really against our best interests. For example, maintaining a friendship with someone we don’t really like anymore, because we have known them a long time, and feel that nothing can be done about it. Or persisting with a business idea, even when it’s clear that it isn’t working and is actually losing us money. Our decision-making ability can be dramatically improved by recognising when we may be falling prey to this fallacy.
18- Which phrase could correctly replace ‘falling prey to’ in line 6?
- being left unaffected by
- being damaged by
- being influenced by
- being enhanced by
Named the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), it provides far more robust protection of personal data. Any websites accessed within the 27 member countries of the EU, or in the UK, are obliged to be transparent about their advertising methods and, crucially, cannot monitor online behaviour without obtaining the user’s consent. The onus is on these companies to offer people a simple and clear choice between opting in or out of tracking cookies, or the option to control which cookies may be used. Other aspects of the GDPR further protects individuals’ rights to privacy.
19- The GDPR made it compulsory for companies to allow people to-----------------------.
- advertise on social media.
- access all websites in the EU.
- share their personal data.
- accept or reject stored cookies.
Ironically, despite the great advances of modern technology, this is not dissimilar to traditional advertising styles in the old-school media of the past. Its rationale is based on the user’s interests rather than on his or her consumer behaviour and/or personal data. Companies use keywords and topics to locate websites with a context pertinent to the product or service they have to offer, and place their adverts there.
20- What does the underlined pronoun “they” refer to?
- modern technology
- the user
- companies
- websites