انجليزي متقدم فصل أول

• actions in progress at the time of speaking:

Ali is having a shower right now.

Jana is smiling because she is happy.

• temporary situations in progress now:

I'm playing a lot of football.

He is staying with his uncle for the summer.

• changes and developments:

We're becoming tired of the boy's lies.

The amount of evidence is accumulating.

• We also use the Present Continuous with always or continually when something unexpected happens very often. This sometimes, but not always, indicates annoyance:

She's always disturbing me when I'm on the phone.

My parents are forever arguing about money.

• actions or activities in progress at a specific time in the past:

This time last year I was painting my bedroom.

I was still doing my homework yesterday at 8 o’clock. 

• longer actions interrupted by a shorter past action:

She was doing an online personality quiz when her boss walked into the room.

Vicky was walking her dog in the park when she tripped.

• to predict something in progress at a point in the future:

Six months from now we'll be studying in different cities.

• to ask politely about someone's plans:

Will you be coming to the meeting after the show?

• to talk about something that is expected to happen:

You'll all be coming back here in one year's time.

• completed past actions that happened at an unspecified time.

I've visited many European cities in my life.

• recent actions with a present relevance/ result:

We’ve recently discovered a fabulous new restaurant. Let's go there tomorrow.

• states or actions that began in the past and continue up to now:

She's been a translator for a few years.

• recent actions where we focus on the result, not the activity:

Adnan's published a book about horses.

• actions or states that happened before a specific past time:

It was strange because she'd bought lots of apples the night before and when she entered the kitchen there was only one.

• a clear sequence of events. We use the Past Perfect for the earlier action:

As soon as I'd heard the news, I went round to their house.

• an action that will be completed before a particular time in the future:

Next time I see you, you will have completely changed your eating habits!

• actions that began in the past and continue to the present:

They’ve been running for more than an hour.

•  recent actions where we focus on the activity, not the result:

I've been sending off job applications.

• continuous actions or situations which happened before a specific time in the past:

I had been keeping quiet about my running, and then I won the race.

• something continuing up to a certain point in the future:

By the end of this month we'll have been writing this book for two years.

Will can be used like must to make deductions.

A: Why isn't she back yet?

B: Don't worry. She'll have been working late.

She'll have got stuck in traffic.

She'll be sitting in a traffic jam.

يمكن استبدال will في الأمثلة السابقة بكلمة must مع الحفاظ على نفس المعنى.

يمكن استخدام will كاستخدام must في عمل الاستنتاجات.

A: لماذا لم تعد إلى ألان؟

B: لا تقلق. من المؤكد أنها تعمل لوقت متأخر.

من المؤكد أنها علقت في أزمة مرورية.

من المؤكد أنها عالقة في أزمة مرورية.