اللغة الإنجليزية فصل أول

LESSON 1A VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Phrases	Meaning
Blow things out of proportion	To react as what has happened is much worse than it is.
Empathise with somebody	to understand and share their feelings or experiences.
Fall out with somebody	to have a disagreement or conflict that leads to a breakdown in the relationship.
Give somebody a compliment	to express praise or admiration for something about them, such as their appearance, skills, achievements, or personality.
Let somebody down	to disappoint someone by failing to meet their expectations or by not fulfilling a promise or obligation.
Lose your temper	to become very angry or to lose control over your emotions, often resulting in an outburst or aggressive behavior.
Make fun of somebody	to tease, mock, or ridicule them in a playful or unkind way.
Make up with somebody	to reconcile or resolve a disagreement or conflict with that person.
Put up with somebody	to tolerate or deal with someone’s annoying behavior without complaining too much.
Talk behind somebody’s back	to speak about someone without their knowledge, often in a negative or gossiping manner.
Have a go at somebody	To criticise someone
Make a fuss of somebody	To give someone a lot of attention
be the peacemaker	To help other people resolve an argument
tell somebody off	To speak to somebody angrily about something wrong that they have done

---

 

Word	Meaning	Word	Meaning
Blow things out of proportion	يضخم ويهول الأمور	Empathise with somebody	يتعاطف مع شخص ما
Burst into tears	ينفجر في البكاء	Fall out with somebody	يتجادل مع شخص ويقاطعه
Give somebody a compliment	يمدح/ يجامل شخصاً	Have a go at somebody	يهاجم/ ينتقد شخصاً
Let somebody down (ph-v)	يخيب أمل / يحبط شخص	Lose your temper	يفقد أعصابه
Make a fuss of somebody	يهتم بشخص بشكل مفرط يثير بلبلة تجاه شخص	Make fun of somebody	يسخر من شخص اوشيء
Make up with somebody	يصالح شخصاً / ينهي الخلاف مع شخص	Mess about (ph-v)	يعبث
Put up with somebody	يتحمل شخصاً او شيئًا مزعج	Show off (ph-v)	يتباهى
Talk behind somebody’s back	يتحدث من وراء ظهر شخص / يغتاب شخص	Tell somebody off about something	يوبخ شخصاً على شيء
Wind somebody up (ph-v)	يستفز شخصاً	Do somebody a favour	يقدم / يسدي خدمة لشخص
Be challenged enough	يُواجه تحدياً كافياً / صعب ومثير للتحدي بشكل كبير	Clash between you and a sibling	نزاع/خلاف/ صراع بينك وبين شقيقك
Stick at something (ph-v)	يثابر على شيء / يواصل المحاولة بجد لفعل شيء صعب	Do somebody a favour	يقدم / يسدي خدمة لشخص

---

► Present and Past Habits

We use (the Present or Past Continuous + always /constantly/forever) (to about a habit that is more than usual, which the speaker finds unexpected or annoying).

 

Briefly review the structure of the present continuous:

• Form: Subject + is/am/are + verb + -ing
• Example: He is studying.

Adverbs of Frequency:

 

• How these adverbs can indicate how often an action occurs.

Present Continuous with Adverbs:

Subject + is/am/are + always/frequently/constantly + verb + -ing.

► Examples:

• He is always interrupting me.
• She is constantly complaining about everything.

⇒ Uses:

1. Ongoing Actions:

• To describe actions that are currently occurring and are perceived negatively.
• Example: She is always complaining about her tasks.

2. Repeated Behaviors:

• To highlight current unpleasant or frustrating habits.
• Example: He is constantly interrupting me.

3. Expressing Frustration:

• To communicate irritation about someone's ongoing actions.
• Example: They are frequently forgetting their responsibilities.

 

Briefly review the structure of the past continuous tense:

• Form: Subject + was/were + verb + -ing

• Example: He was studying.

• Adverbs of Frequency:
 

•  How these adverbs can indicate how often an action occurs.

 

Past Continuous with Adverbs:

Subject + was/were + always/frequently/constantly + verb + -ing."

► Examples:

• He was always interrupting me during class.
• She was constantly complaining about her work.

 

⇒ Uses:

1. Ongoing Past Actions:

• To characterize acts that were perceived adversely and occurred throughout time in the past.
• Example: She was always talking over others during discussions.

2. Highlighting Past Habits:

• To draw attention to annoying habits that were common in the past.
• Example: He was frequently arriving late to meetings.

3. Expressing Regret or Frustration:

• To express anger or disappointment about past actions.
• Example: They were constantly making excuses for their mistakes.

 

1. She’s always complaining about the weather. (present)

2. She was forever arguing with her parents when she was younger. (past) 

3. When I was little, my parents were forever telling me off. (past)

4. Imad was forever bursting into tears. (an annoying repeated habit in the past.)

5. My brother is always showing off (an annoying repeated habit in the present)
 

We use used to + infinitive (to talk about a past state or repeated past actions) & to describe past habits or states that have now changed. (no longer exist)

Briefly review the structure of the Used to: 

Form: Subject + used to + base form of the verb

Example: I used to play soccer every weekend.
 

⇒ Use of "Used To":

Past habits: Actions that were done regularly in the past but no longer happen.

Past states: Situations that were true in the past but are not true anymore.

► Examples:

- When I was a child, I used to ride my bike to school.

- We used to go on family vacations every summer.

- She used to love ice cream, but now she prefers fruit.
 

1. I used to love winding my brother up. (A past state or action which no longer exists)

2. I used to feel very negative about my job.

3. At our old, house I used to spend a lot of time with my friends.

4. Hiba's sister always used to be the peacemaker in her.

 

We use will/would + infinitive (to talk about behavior that is a typical characteristic of the person. They can describe both pleasant and annoying habits).

 

⇒ Use of "Would":

• Past habits: Actions that were regularly repeated in the past.

• Past routines: Describing activities that were a normal part of life at a certain time.

► Examples:

- When I was young, I would play outside until night.
- My family would have lunch together every Friday.
- We would often visit our grandparents during the summer.

1. She'll turn up at 11 o'clock and act as if nothing’s wrong. (Present)

2. We'd spend the afternoons reading. (past)

3. Luna will forget to take her contact lenses out. (a typical characteristic of a person)

4. My uncle would always take me swimming. (A habit or repeated action in the past, but not a state) 

Note: Would is not used to talk about past states.

• We can introduce new topics with used to and we do not need to specify a time.

I used to eat a lot of chips and burgers, but now I eat healthy food. (NOT I’d eat ...)

• We use would when the topic has been established and we usually specify the time.

My dad used to work nights. He would come home at six in the morning and we’d have breakfast together, then he used to take me to school.

---