Use the words in the box to complete the phrases and collocations. (SB Page 16)
broken, contaminate , environmental, install, natural. provide
1. contaminate fresh water supplies 2. provide water filters
3.environmental problems 4. broken pipes
5. install new toilets 6. natural disasters
7.2 THINK BACK Look at these sentences reporting what people said in Exercise 2. Write what they said originally in direct speech. Listen and check. (SB Page 17)
1. The reporter said that in today's programme, they would look at some of the amazing things that different charities were doing
’In today’s programme, we will look at some of the amazing things that different charities are doing.’
2. The professor said that others had to wash in rivers because they didn't have clean water in their houses to have a bath or shower.
’Others have to wash in rivers because they don’t have clean water in their houses to have a bath or shower.’
3. The reporter asked how the charity could help these people.
"So how can the charity help these people?”
4. The professor said that dirty water had mixed with clean water and that had made people ill.
'Dirty water has mixed with clean water and this has made people ill?
5. The reporter said that he could see the charity really should make a difference to people's lives.
"can see the charity really will / would make a difference to people's lives.”
6. The professor told us to remember 90% of the world's natural disasters were related to water.
'Remember that 90% of the world's natural disasters are related lo water
7. She said that approximately 250 students were gathering at that time.
'Approximately 250 students are gathering right now?
8. He said it seemed unlikely that day's demonstration would make any difference.
‘it seems unlikely that day's demonstration would make any difference’
9. He said that education should clearly be free.
'It (education) should clearly be free
THINK BACK
Write what they said originally in direct speech. Listen and check. (SB page 17)
1. The reporter said that in today’s programme, they would look at some of the amazing things that different charities were doing.
’In today’s programme, we will look at some of the amazing things that different charities are doing.’
2. The professor said that others had to wash in rivers because they didn’t have clean water in their houses to have a bath or shower.
’Others have to wash in rivers because they don’t have clean water in their houses to have a bath or shower.’
3. The reporter asked how the charity could help these people.
’So how can the charity help these people?'
4. The professor said that dirty water had mixed with clean water and that had made people ill.
’Dirty water has mixed with clean water and that has made people ill.’
5. The reporter said that he could see the charity really should make a difference to people’s lives.
’I can see the charity really should make a difference to people’s lives.’
6. The professor told us to remember 90% of the world’s natural disasters were related to water.
’Remember that 90% of the world’s natural disasters are related to water.’
6 In pairs, discuss the questions, giving examples in each case from Exercise 5. Page 17 sb
- What usually happens to tenses in reported speech?
In reported speech, the tense of the verb usually shifts back in time. For example:
Present simple → past simple
Present continuous → past continuous
Present perfect → past perfect
Past simple → past perfect (if needed)
Future (will) → would
Example:
Direct speech: "I am going to the market."
Reported speech: She said she was going to the market.
- How does the word order change when we report Wh- and Yes/No questions?
Wh- questions: In reported speech, the word order is like in a statement (subject comes before the verb).
Yes/No questions: We use "if" or "whether" to report yes/no questions, and the word order also changes to the statement form (subject before the verb).
Examples:
Wh- question: "Where do you live?" → He asked where I lived.
Yes/No question: "Is she coming?" → He asked if she was coming.
- How do will and can change in reported speech?
Will typically changes to would in reported speech.
Can changes to could in reported speech.
Examples:
Direct speech: "I will call you."
Reported speech: He said he would call me.
Direct speech: "I can help you."
Reported speech: She said she could help me.
- Does should change in reported speech?
Should generally does not change in reported speech. It remains as should.
Example:
Direct speech: "You should study harder."
Reported speech: She said I should study harder.
- What happens to pronouns, place, and time phrases in reported speech?
Pronouns change to reflect the perspective of the speaker. For example, "I" may change to "he" or "she," and "you" changes to "I" or "he/she," depending on the situation.
Place and time phrases may also change to fit the context of the reporting sentence. For example, "here" might change to "there," "today" to "that day," or "tomorrow" to "the next day."
Examples:
Direct speech: "I will meet you here tomorrow."
Reported speech: He said he would meet me there the next day.
9) Rewrite each statement in reported speech. (SB. Page 17)
Charity workers installed new drinking taps and a new toilet block in the village last week. The village has not had fresh water for many years, so the changes will make a big difference.
1. The journalist said that . charity workers had installed new drinking taps and a new toilet block in the village last week before. The village had not had fresh water for many years, so the changes would make a big difference.
Many children now go to school for longer because they don’t have to walk long distances to find water. I would like to thank the charity for helping our village. I have one question. How soon will it be before all the villages in the area have the same help?
2 The villager said that many children now go to school for longer because they didn't have to walk long distances to find water. He added that he thanked the charity for helping their village. He had on question. How soon it would be before all the villages in the area had the same help.
