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The modal verbs “will” and “would” are used in many different situations. Will is commonly used to express certainty, predictions, promises, spontaneous decisions, and typical behavior. It can also show refusal with won’t, make deductions about situations, or describe irritating habits. In addition, it can be used to make assumptions about the past. Would, on the other hand, is often used in conditional sentences, reported speech, and to describe past predictions or promises. It also appears in common expressions such as would like, would prefer, and would rather. Furthermore, would can express assumptions, willingness or unwillingness, and it is often used to soften or make statements more polite and less direct.