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This section introduces vocabulary and expressions related to imagination and speculation. The terms hyperphantasia and aphantasia describe two different mental conditions related to imagination: hyperphantasia refers to extremely vivid mental imagery, while aphantasia describes the inability to visualize images mentally. In speaking, various phrases are used to speculate about situations in the past, present, or future, such as might involve, must be, could be, it’s highly likely, I would imagine, and my gut feeling is. These expressions help speakers make guesses, assumptions, or logical conclusions when they are not completely certain about something.