Grammar — Modal Verbs
- must → strong internal obligation (you feel it’s necessary)
→ You must wear a helmet. (يجب) - mustn’t → prohibition (NOT allowed)
→ You mustn’t touch the ball. (ممنوع) - have to → external rule (law / system)
→ Players have to follow the rules. (يتعين عليه) - don’t have to → no obligation (optional)
→ You don’t have to wear special clothes. (اختياري)
Important difference:
mustn’t = forbidden- don’t have to = allowed but not necessary ✔️
Vocabulary — Unusual Sports
- cycle ball (radball): لعبة جماعية بالدراجات، ضرب الكرة بالرأس أو العجلة
- sandboarding: التزلج على الكثبان الرملية
- sand dune: كثيب رملي
- goalkeeper: حارس المرمى
- surf: يتزلج/ينزلق على سطح (ماء، ثلج، رمل)