THE IMPERSONAL PASSIVE
The impersonal passive is a formal way of reporting thoughts, sayings, beliefs and opinions.
المبني للمجهول غير الشخصي هو وسيلة رسمية للإبلاغ عن الأفكار والأقوال والمعتقدات والآراء.
We can report beliefs and opinions using verbs such as, say, think, know, claim, report, expect, reveal, believe, estimate, assume, and a passive structure،
1) it + passive + that clause.
It + (is / was / has been / used to be + V3) + that- clause.....
طريقة التحويل :
1.ننزل It 2. نكتب is - was - has been- used to be حسب زمن الفعل ثم نضع V3 ثم 3. نكمل الجملة كما هي
• it + passive + that clause:
it + passive (be + past participle) + that clause b for present or past belief
It is believed that Berners-Lee would now be the richest man in the world. (present belief)
It was revealed that hackers had interfered... (past belief)
1. They say that fish is good for the brain. مضارع بسيط
It is said that fish is good for the brain. (present belief)
2. They reported that the fire started by accident. ماضي بسيط
It was reported that the fire started by accident. (past belief)
3. Experts have proved that exercise is good for concentration.مضارع تام
It has been proved that exercise is good for concentration.
4. People used to think that the Earth was flat.
It used to be thought that the Earth was flat. Used to be + V3
5. They say that dolphins are highly intelligent.
It is said that dolphins are highly intelligent. (present belief)
2) subject + passive + infinitive,
subject + (is / was / are / were / has been / have been / used to be + V3) + to + V1
subject + (is / was / are / were / has been / have been / used to be V3) + to + have +V3
-subject + passive + infinitive,
subject + passive + (to+ VI) l for present belief
subject + passive + perfect infinitive (to have beon + V3) + for present belief about a past event.
His new system, called Solid, is reported to be a platform. (present belief).
subject+ passive (be + past participle)+ perfect infinitive(to have been+ past participle)
More than 700,000 people are believed to have been affected by the virus. (present belief about a past event)
إذا كان زمن الجملة مضارع بسيط أو مستقبل بسيط نستخدم to +v1والنفي present belief ← not to + V1
إذا كان زمن الجملة ماضي بسيط أو مضارع تام نستخدم present belief about a past event ← to have + V3
